DIY Cat5 Speaker Cables

These are perfect speaker cables for my brother speaker. I build use AMP Cat6 cables, for detail view here.

AMP Cable Cat6

TwistPair in TwistPair Cable Cat6

 

Ilustration wiring cable speaker using cable cat6

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Single Ended Class-A Power Amplifier using 6C45Pi

The valve itself, have a simple circuit enviable any transistor amplifier, however, not many projects that employ a single active component. This construction philosophy, I like to call it minimalism.

If one speaks of minimalism, I think, that this project has all the credentials to qualify as such.

This is an amplifier cu, a final integrated (Compact) which employs a single tube (triode) signed 6C45Pi. To do this, could be used several tubes, including 437A, E55L (pentode) and the fantastic and expensive EC8020.

Two lines must for this valve: The EC8020 has an exceptional linearity, high dissipation and trasconduttanza worthy of a power triode. All factors ideal for a good amplifier cu, were it not for the prohibitive price (on the ebay Offers easily exceed one thousand dollars!).

6C45Pi even if does not reach the performance of EC8020, performs the task with dignity. The cost is a couple of orders of magnitude lower and is currently produced by Electro Harmonix and is part of his series most valuable the Gold Pins.

Schematic Diagram

The circuit used setup is classic: single-ended. This choice leads to a lower power, an output transformer more expensive, but all will benefit, at least for my taste, the sound quality.

shematic-Single-Ended-Class-A-Power-Amplifier-using-6C45Pi

About nutrition, the first idea was to use, such as straightening, a valve, but with an excessive size of the Schottky diode and filtering capabilities have also obtained excellent results (Sonic).


PCB

Not many projects are implemented on printed circuit valve, but it is my strong belief that, 's addition to a more orderly construction, provides added value to the success of the project.

The layout is as follows:

PCB-Layout-Single-Ended-Class-A-Power-Amplifier-using-6C45Pi

A fundamental rule in the design of the board is to avoid any link mass, so you should use as much as possible in a star structure. Usually the star center coincides with the negative of the first capacitor filter.

Realization

The board:



I used the usual method of iron more HCl + H 2 O 2.

Four resistors are metal film for half a watt, those from 220ohm wire wound vitreous enamel coated 6W, the Panasonic FC Electrolytic low impedance. Alps potentiometer, then the diodes, as already mentioned, type Schottky 1000V 1.5 A.

The two TU are wrapped by the Company upon specific ATC Electronix: www.atcelectronix.com/ provides the following features:

Primary: 4000 ohms
Secondary: 6 ohms
Power: 10W
Grain-oriented core AC 0:35
Bandwidth: 15 Hz - 75 KHz



I like to use for my projects output transformers wound on specific, because I have the opportunity to obtain more than I seek., The kind Mr. E. Calabrese's ATC Electronix has been immediately available, we discussed the characteristics and came quietly meeting.

Mechanically, the TU are well made, sturdy, beautiful black ice caps, we see that there is the hand of a fan.

Some photos of finished:


The cabinet is birch plywood 10mm polished with wax. I like the effect that old yellow comes out. The photos do not make the idea of greatness, but it is really small, only 230 x 200 mm high 60mm (TU and TA excluded).



I suggest to the speaker terminals, derived from a larval bi-wiring connections, it was a very economical way to get the four terminals, buying in bulk would have cost me more.



The cable used for connections between RCA, potentiometer and card is excellent Belden.

Listening

A valve, one triode and yet it sounds. Thought of having to keep the volume potentiometer can to listen to a decent level, but it was not at all. The pot did not exceed half of the race than I shouted down ... but we are talking about a "paltry" Watts!. Certainly the BLH (FE108ESigma) have done their bit (90 dB / W efficiency).

I connected everything, turned on and my room was immediately filled with music. Main features: detail, depth and dynamics.

Everything I heard sounded really good, thanks not only 6C45Pi but also of TU ATC Electronix.

The Finaly I am deeply moved, usually happens at concerts and my master amplifier.

The Medes and the voices are spectacular. I listened to all possible kinds of vocal music. Each of them seem natural, male or female is.

From Jazz to Classical, dall'Acustica the Rock and anything there is in the middle, everything comes back perfect. This little amp is very transparent.

Having experienced the one-tube amplifier, I had the confirmation: I will be forever minimal! Few watts, or only a few components in the audio chain, single screw speakers, no cross-over, no feedback, just pure music!. An amp like this, a simple player, a pair of single screw is all that a person has (or should have) need. I am extremely satisfied, so much so that I could separate me from my SE with the 2A3 and not feel greatly missed.

Faults? Sure. The sensitivity is very high, indeed it is low for maximum power output must be driven by almost 5 Vpp. The dynamic is good, but only one watt is just for musicians. However, the little man is promoted with flying colors while remaining down to earth.

(Source: http://digilander.libero.it/giovannidefilippo/progetti/GDF-UNICO!/UNICO.htm)

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Best Hacking Tricks To Increase Your Internet Speed | Speed Up Your Net Speed

we all know that a slow internet connection really costs time and makes feel annoying . many friends ask me the ways to increase their internet speed.however . it's possible to do to some extent and make your internet
much better then it was in the past.

There are Two tricks that will help you to increase your internet speed..

First Method- Speed Up Your Net Speed By 20%

1. First you go to start button

2. Go To Run

3. Type gpedit.msc And Then Hit Enter.

4.Then Expand Adminsitrative Templates.

5.Then Network

6.Then QoS Packet Scheduler.

Now A New List Appear . Click On Limit Reservable Bandwidth.
Just Disable it.

Now You Click On Apply .

That's It Now You Are Done !! :)

Now Just Restart Your Computer . And I hope You will Get change in Your Speed

Some Basic Tricks From My Side-

1. Use IDM To Boost Your Downloading Speed.

2. Use A Good Anti-virus in Your Computer.

3. Remove Unwanted Add-ons, Software,Unwanted Files Form Your Computer.

4.Update Your Drivers Periodically.

5.Keep A Good Maintennance Of Your Computer.

So I Hope this tricks was useful for you !!

Please Share Your Views Vis Comments On This Tips 

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[ebook]Wireless Network Hacks & Mods for Dummies

Wireless Network Hacks & Mods for Dummies
359 pages | Publisher: For Dummies | English | ISBN-10: 0764595830 | PDF
Connect the old, the new, the practical, and the fun!

Play multiplayer games, set up home surveillance, or take your network outside

Now that you've got a wireless network going, you're getting the urge to see what else it can do, right? Hook up with this book and find simple, fun ways to expand its possibilities. Add your home entertainment gear, beef up speed and performance, discover wireless on the go, and get more out of your network!

Discover how to:
* Extend broadband throughout your home
* Protect your network from snoops
* Boost cellular signals
* Set up a wireless hot spot
* Take wireless to your car
* Make calls with your wireless network and VoIP

Download

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AIRTEL MOBILE TV ALL 57 CHANNELS WATCH FREE with mo.

AIRTEL MOBILE TV FREE STREAMING 57 CHANNELS, 
For 2G and 3G................. 
WORKING AT ANY BALANCE, 


WATCH FREE LIVE STREAMING ALL AIRTEL MOBILE TV CHANNELS......

WORKING WITH DEFAULT MOBILE OFFICE SETTING HIGH QUALITY LINK FOR 3G- 


rtsp://10.2.216.228:554/IPL2011_ QVGA.sdp 

FOR 2G USERS- 

FOR MORE CHANNELS JUST CHANNEL NAME, 


4. Animal planet 

rtsp://10.2.216.228:554/2G/LIVE/ANIMALPLANET_QCIF.sdp

5. BBCWORLD 

rtsp://10.2.216.228:554/2G/LIVE/BBCWORLD_QCIF.sdp
6. BLOOMBERGUTV 

rtsp://10.2.216.228:554/2G/LIVE/BLOOMBERGUTV_QCIF.sdp
7. DISCOVERYCHANNEL

rtsp://10.2.216.228:554/2G/LIVE/DISCOVERYCHANNEL_QCIF.sdp
8. DISCOVERYTURBO 

rtsp://10.2.216.228:554/2G/LIVE/DISCOVERYTURBO_QCIF.sdp
9. ETNOW 

rtsp://10.2.216.228:554/2G/LIVE/ETNOW_QCIF.sdp




COPY URL And paSTE IN YOUR BROWSER OR IN CORE PLAYER......

DOWNLOAD ALL 57 CHANNEL LIST HERE........ 

http://www.plunder.com/LIVE-AIRTEL-MOBILE-TV-HACKED-ALL-CHANNELS-download-b9f365504a.htm

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Talking Tom Cat v1.3.4

You can pet him, poke him, you can even grab his tail.

Enjoy hours of fun and laughter with Talking Tom. He is especially fun for children of all ages.

Record your own videos of Tom and share them on YouTube & Facebook, send them by email/MMS (text) or save them to SD card.

??? How to Play: ???
? Talk to Tom and he will repeat everything you say with a funny voice.
? Pet his body or head to make him purr.
? Poke his head, belly or feet.
? Grab his tail.
? Pour a glass of milk for him to drink.
? Forget about him and he will yawn or sneeze.

??? Press Menu -> Settings to: ???
? Turn off the more violent actions
? Make him listen longer before repeating
? Clear the Facebook/YouTube login data

??? Paid features ???
? Cymbals
? Cake
? Bird
? Farting
? No ads

Recent changes:
1.3.1: MP4 video format instead of AVI, you can now send videos by MMS (text) or save them to SD card
1.3.4: Fixed issues when converting video on Dell Streak

Downloading Links :

http://ul.to/7pq5bb

http://uploading.com/files/8442fbfe/...mpro_1.3.4.apk

MediaFire Link :- http://www.mediafire.com/?5en27n4r2gv9e2f 

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THERMOCOUPLES: THE OPERATING PRINCIPLE

A thermocouple is a device made by two different wires joined at one end, called junction end or measuring end. The two wires are called thermoelements or legs of the thermocouple: the two thermoelements are distinguished as positive and negative ones. The other end of the thermocouple is called tail end or reference end. The junction end is immersed in the environment whose temperature T₂ has to be measured, which can be for instance the temperature of a furnace at about 500°C, while the tail end is held at a different temperature T₁, e.g. at ambient temperature.

                                                                  Figure 1.

Because of the temperature difference between junction end and tail end a voltage difference can be measured between the two thermoelements at the tail end: so the thermocouple is a temperature-voltage transducer.

 

The temperature vs voltage relationship is given by:

                             Equation 1

Where Emf is the Electro-Motive Force or Voltage produced by the thermocople at the tail end, T₁ and T₂ are the temperatures of reference and measuring end respectively, S₁₂ is called Seebeck coefficient of the thermocouple and S₁ and S₂ are the Seebeck coefficient of the two thermoelements; the Seebeck coefficient depends on the material the thermoelement is made of. Looking at Equation1 it can be noticed that:

1. a null voltage is measured if the two thermoelements are made of the same materials: different materials are needed to make a temperature sensing device,


2. a null voltage is measured if no temperature difference exists between the tail end and the junction end: a temperature difference is needed to operate the thermocouple,


3. the Seebeck coefficient is temperature dependent.

In order to clarify the first point let us consider the following example (Figure2): when a temperature difference is applied between the two ends of a single Ni wire a voltage drop is developed across the wire itself. The end of the wire at the highest temperature, T₂, is called hot end, while the end at the lowest temperature, T₁, is called cold end.

Figure2: Emf produced by a single wire

When a voltmeter, with Cu connection wires, is used to measure the voltage drop across the Ni wire, two junctions need to be made at the hot and cold ends between the Cu wire and the Ni wire; assuming that the voltmeter is at room temperature T₁, one of the Cu wires of the voltmeter will experience along it the same temperature drop from T2 to T1 the Ni wire is experiencing. In the attempt to measure the voltage drop on the Ni wire a Ni-Cu thermocouple has been made and so the measured voltage is in reality the voltage drop along the Ni wire plus the voltage drop along the Cu wire.

The Emf along a single thermoelement cannot be measured: the Emf measured at the tail end in Figure1 is the sum of the voltage drop along each of the thermoelements. As two thermoelements are needed, the temperature measurement with thermocuoples is a differential measurement.

Note: if the wire in Figure2 was a Cu wire a null voltage would have been measured at the voltmeter. 

The temperature measurement with thermocouples is also a differential measurement because two different temperatures, T₁ and T₂, are involved. The desired temperature is the one at the junction end, T₂. In order to have a useful transducer for measurement, a monotonic Emf versus junction end temperature T₂ relationship is needed, so that for each temperature at the junction end a unique voltage is produced at the tail end.

However, from the integral in Equation1 it can be understood that the Emf depends on both T₁ and T₂: as T₁ and T₂ can change indipendently, a monotonic Emf vs T₂ relationship cannot be defined if the tail end temperature is not constant. For this reason the tail end is mantained in an ice bath made by crushed ice and water in a Dewar flask: this produces a reference temperature of 0°C. All the voltage versus temperature relationships for thermocouples are referenced to 0°C.

The resulting measuring system required for a thermocople is shown in Figure3.

Figure3: A measuring system for thermocouples

In order to measure the voltage at the tail end, two copper wires are connected between the thermoelements and the voltmeter: both the Cu wires experience the same temperature difference and as a result the voltage drops along each of them are equal to each other and cancel out in the measurement at the voltmeter.

The ice bath is usually replaced in industrial application with an integrated circuit called cold junction compensator: in this case the tail end is at ambient temperature and the temperature fluctuations at the tail end are tolerated; in fact the cold junction compensator produces a voltage equal to the thermocouple voltage between 0°C and ambient temperature, which can be added to the voltage of the thermocouple at the tail end to reproduce the voltage versus temperature relationship of the thermocouple. 

A sketch of a thermocouple with cold junction compensation is reported in Figure4.

Figure4: An example of Cold Junction Compensation

It should be underlined that the cold junction compensation cannot reproduce exactly the voltage versus temperature relationship of the thermocouple, but can only approximate it: for this reason the cold junction compensation introduces an error in the temperature measurement.

Figure4 shows also the filtering and amplification of the thermocouple. Being the thermocouple voltage a DC signal, removal of AC noise through filtering is beneficial; furthermore the thermocouples produce voltage of few tens of mV and for this reason amplification is required. The small voltage range for some of the most common thermocouples (letter designated thermocouples) is shown in Figure5, where their voltage versus temperature relationship is reported. 

Type R, S and B thermocouples use Pt-base thermoelements and they can operate at temperatures up to 1700°C; however they are more expensive and their voltage output is lower than type K and type N thermocouples, which use Ni-base thermoelements. However, Ni base thermocouples can operate at lower temperatures than the Pt-base ones. Table1 reports the approximate compositions for positive and negative thermoelements of the letter designated thermocouples.

Figure5: Voltage vs Temperature relationship for letter-designated thermocouples

Thermocouple type Positive Thermoelement Negative Thermoelement B Pt-30%Rh Pt-6%Rh R Pt-13%Rh Pt S Pt-10%Rh Pt K Ni-10%Cr Ni-5% other elements N Ni-14%Cr-1.5%Si Ni-4.5%Si-0.1%Mg E Ni-10%Cr 45%Ni-55%Cu J Fe 45%Ni-55%Cu

Table1: Approximate composition for thermoelements of letter-designated thermocouples

All the voltage-temperature relationships of the letter designated thermocouples are monotonic, but not linear. For instance the type N thermocouple voltage output is defined by the following 10 degree polynomials, where t is the temperature in degree Celsius:

Equation2

The coefficients Ci are reported in Table2.

In order to have a linear voltage-temperature relationship the Seebeck coefficient should be constant with temperature (see Equation1); however the Seebeck coefficient is temperature dependent, as shown for instance for type K thermocouple in Figure6. Additional details on the voltage-temperature relatinships for letter designated thermocouple can be found at:

http://srdata.nist.gov/its90/main/

Coefficient Temperature range: (-270°C,0°C) Temperature range: (0°C,1300°C) c0 0.000000000000 x100 0.000000000000 x100  c1 0.261591059620 x10-1 0.259293946010 x10-1 c2 0.109574842280 x10-4 0.157101418800 x10-4 c3 -0.938411115540 x10-7 0.438256272370 x10-7 c4 -0.464120397590 x10-10 -0.252611697940 x10-9 c5 -0.263033577160 x10-11 0.643118193390 x10-12 c6 -0.226534380030 x10-13 -0.100634715190 x10-14 c7 -0.760893007910 x10-16 0.997453389920 x10-18 c8 -0.934196678350 x10-19 -0.608632456070 x10-21 c9 - 0.208492293390 x10-24 c10 - -0.306821961510 x10-28
Table2: Type N thermocouple coefficents

Figure6: Type K Seebeck coefficient vs Temperature

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Virtual Oscilloscope using PIC Microcontroller

An oscilloscope is probably the most important instrument for observing and measuring electronic circuits. It allows you to observe timing, voltages, slopes, curves, and spikes of an electronic signal. A good digital oscilloscope can easily run you over $1000, but this scope will cost you a grand total of $40 for the kit, perhaps the cheapest scope you will ever buy.


Virtual Oscilloscope using PIC Microcontroller
Check out www.c-sharpcorner.com

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Low pass filter for subwoofer

Many low pass filter circuits for subwoofer are given here and this is just another one. The circuit given here is based on the opamp TL062 from ST Micro electronics. TL062 is a dual high input impedance J-FET opamp which has very low power consumption and high slew rate. The opamp has excellent audio characteristics and is very suitable for this circuit.

Out of the two opamps inside TLC062, first one is wired as the mixer cum pre amplifier stage. The left and right channel are connected to the inverting input of IC1a for mixing. The gain of first stage can be adjusted using POT R3.The output of the first stage is connected to the input of second stage through the filter network comprising of components R5,R6,R7,R8,C4 and C5. The second opamp (IC1b) serves as a buffer and the filtered output is available at the pin 7 of the TLC062.

Circuit Diagram :

Power Suppy for Circuit :

Above Firgures Show How to make an Subwoffer Sound Producer.

Thanks :)))

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The Palace Builder v1.0.1.101

In 18th century France, you are a young, unknown architect looking for your big break and a chance to impress the Queen. In this building Simulation game, set in the romantic upper class world of French aristocracy, you will design and manage the construction of the most beautiful structures in the kingdom. Will your work attract the attention of the Queen, or will a secret destroy your chances for fame and fortune? Find out in The Palace Builder

Download

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